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Florence M. Hawley
Florence Hawley was one of the first anthropologists to work extensively on tree-ring dating, as well as a highly regarded professor who worked hard to give her students a complete education. She conducted archaeological and ethnographic research in the Southwestern United States. She also undertook some of the first dendrochronological research in eastern North America in the mid 20th century, examining samples from a number of archaeological sites. Hawley was faced with many challenges in her career and was discriminated against for being a woman. She continued to work hard in her research and became a great influence for not only women archaeologist but also her students who she pushed towards greatness. She worked through her retirement and continued to teach students in the field. Because she did some of the earliest work of dendrochronology, she became a pioneer in that field. She was a passionate in her teachings and encouraged her students to think for themselves and work hard for what they wanted to achieve.
==Background==
Florence Hawley was born September 17, 1906 in Cananea Sonora, Mexico where her father was chief chemist for a copper mine. In 1913, after the outbreak of the Mexican Revolution, her family moved to Miami, Arizona. She was introduced to archaeology at a young age from her father during his excavating of ruins around their home in southern Arizona. In 1936 Florence married archaeologist Donovan Senter; together they had a daughter named Andrea. In 1950, after a divorce from Senter, she married Bruce Ellis who was a historian. Their marriage lasted until the time of his death in 1985.〔Parezo, Nancy J., ed. Hidden Scholars: Women Anthropologist and the Native American Southwest. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1993. (211-213).〕 She began teaching at the University of Arizona in 1929, where she was introduced to dendrochronology in a class taught by A. E. Douglass. She began teaching at the University of New Mexico fall of 1934 until she retired in 1971.〔 It is possible that more professional anthropologists in the United States were taught by Hawley than by any other member of the profession. Even after her retirement she remained active in field research up until her death in 1991. She continued to write and excavate. She was passionate about her work and even after a broken hip returned to the field during her recuperation to supervise. She broke new ground in her research by developing and applying innovative techniques of chemical analysis, dendrochronology, ethnohistory, and Ethnoarchaeology.〔
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